{"id":804,"date":"2020-04-05T15:32:20","date_gmt":"2020-04-05T15:32:20","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/localhost:9999\/rec\/1-mita-on-biodiversiteetti\/"},"modified":"2021-09-16T06:31:45","modified_gmt":"2021-09-16T06:31:45","slug":"1-what-is-biodiversity","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/luonnonmonimuotoisuus.fi\/en\/1-what-is-biodiversity\/","title":{"rendered":"1. What is biodiversity?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>[et_pb_section fb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.4.2&#8243; custom_margin=&#8221;0px||0px||false|false&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;0px||0px||false|false&#8221; da_disable_devices=&#8221;off|off|off&#8221; da_is_popup=&#8221;off&#8221; da_exit_intent=&#8221;off&#8221; da_has_close=&#8221;on&#8221; da_alt_close=&#8221;off&#8221; da_dark_close=&#8221;off&#8221; da_not_modal=&#8221;on&#8221; da_is_singular=&#8221;off&#8221; da_with_loader=&#8221;off&#8221; da_has_shadow=&#8221;on&#8221;][et_pb_row _builder_version=&#8221;4.4.2&#8243; custom_padding=&#8221;0px||0px|||&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;4_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.4.2&#8243;][et_pb_video src=&#8221;https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-B3guV91unk&#8221; thumbnail_overlay_color=&#8221;rgba(0,0,0,0.6)&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.4.2&#8243; src__hover_enabled=&#8221;off|desktop&#8221;][\/et_pb_video][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.4.2&#8243;]<\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\">In the video, we learn about the definitions of biodiversity and the scale of diversity in different groups of organisms.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><iframe id=\"fskey-iframe\" class=\"fskey-autofill-dlg\" style=\"display: none;\" sandbox=\"allow-same-origin\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<div id=\"fskey-tooltip\" class=\"fskey-tooltip\" style=\"display: none;\"><\/div>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.4.2&#8243; custom_margin=&#8221;-2px|||||&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;2px||0px|||&#8221; da_disable_devices=&#8221;off|off|off&#8221; da_is_popup=&#8221;off&#8221; da_exit_intent=&#8221;off&#8221; da_has_close=&#8221;on&#8221; da_alt_close=&#8221;off&#8221; da_dark_close=&#8221;off&#8221; da_not_modal=&#8221;on&#8221; da_is_singular=&#8221;off&#8221; da_with_loader=&#8221;off&#8221; da_has_shadow=&#8221;on&#8221;][et_pb_row _builder_version=&#8221;4.4.2&#8243; custom_padding=&#8221;||0px|||&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;4_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.4.2&#8243;][et_pb_divider _builder_version=&#8221;4.4.2&#8243;][\/et_pb_divider][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=&#8221;4.4.2&#8243;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;4_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.4.2&#8243;][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.4.2&#8243;]<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"p1\">Read more in scientific articles<\/h2>\n<p>Read more in scientific articles where researchers have tried to estimate the number of species we still don\u2019t know about.<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li class=\"p1\">\n<p class=\"p1\"><b><strong>How many species are there on Earth and in the ocean?<\/strong><\/b><br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/journals.plos.org\/plosbiology\/article?id=10.1371\/journal.pbio.1001127\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Original article<\/a> \u2022<br \/>\n<small>Mora, C., Tittensor, D. P., Adl, S., Simpson, A. G. B. &amp; Worm, B. 2011: How many species are there on Earth and in the ocean? PLoS Biology 9(8): e1001127. DOI: 10.1371\/journal.pbio.1001127.<\/small><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"p1\">\n<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\"><b><strong>How many tons of each organism group are there on Earth?<\/strong><\/b><br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.pnas.org\/content\/115\/25\/6506\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Original article<\/a> \u2022<br \/>\n<small>Bar-On, Y. M., Phillips, R. &amp; Milo, R. 2018. The biomass distribution on Earth. PNAS 115(25): 6506-6511. DOI: 10.1073\/pnas.1711842115<\/small><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"p1\">\n<p class=\"p1\"><strong>A study that counted the number of arthropod species in one rainforest.<\/strong><br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/science.sciencemag.org\/content\/338\/6113\/1481\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Original article<\/a> \u2022 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/233904266_Arthropod_Diversity_in_a_Tropical_Forest\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Article on ResearchGate<\/a> \u2022<br \/>\n<small>Basset, Y., ym. 2012: Arthropod diversity in a tropical forest. Science 338(6113): 1481-1484. DOI: 10.1126\/science.1226727.<\/small><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><iframe id=\"fskey-iframe\" class=\"fskey-autofill-dlg\" style=\"display: none;\" sandbox=\"allow-same-origin\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<div id=\"fskey-tooltip\" class=\"fskey-tooltip\" style=\"display: none;\"><\/div>\n<p><iframe id=\"fskey-iframe\" class=\"fskey-autofill-dlg\" style=\"display: none;\" sandbox=\"allow-same-origin\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<div id=\"fskey-tooltip\" class=\"fskey-tooltip\" style=\"display: none;\"><\/div>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.4.2&#8243; background_color=&#8221;#fdfdfd&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;1px|||||&#8221; da_disable_devices=&#8221;off|off|off&#8221; da_is_popup=&#8221;off&#8221; da_exit_intent=&#8221;off&#8221; da_has_close=&#8221;on&#8221; da_alt_close=&#8221;off&#8221; da_dark_close=&#8221;off&#8221; da_not_modal=&#8221;on&#8221; da_is_singular=&#8221;off&#8221; da_with_loader=&#8221;off&#8221; da_has_shadow=&#8221;on&#8221;][et_pb_row _builder_version=&#8221;4.4.2&#8243; custom_padding=&#8221;||0px|||&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;4_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.4.2&#8243;][et_pb_divider _builder_version=&#8221;4.4.2&#8243;][\/et_pb_divider][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=&#8221;4.4.2&#8243; custom_padding=&#8221;||||false|false&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;4_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.4.2&#8243;][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.4.2&#8243; custom_padding=&#8221;||0px|||&#8221;]<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"p1\"><b>Find out<\/b><\/h2>\n<p>How many species are there? Why can we still not answer this question precisely? Find out for yourself. When we talk about biodiversity, we usually mean the number of species. Yet diversity of habitats and the genetic diversity within species are also important dimensions of biodiversity.<\/p>\n<h3>How long do you have to look to find all the species?<\/h3>\n<p><span class=\"s1\">Look at Figure 1 in the\u00a0 <a href=\"https:\/\/journals.plos.org\/plosbiology\/article\/figure\/image?size=large&amp;id=10.1371\/journal.pbio.1001127.g001\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Mora et al. <\/a><\/span>article, where the horizontal axis represents time and the vertical axis the number of species groups known at the particular point in time. The lines in the graphs curve, because the longer we have already spent finding out the number of species groups, the more slowly we find new species. In principle if you look long enough, you will eventually find all the species groups. As the line curves and becomes more and more horizontal, you can make a good estimate of the eventual number species you would find.<\/p>\n<p><iframe id=\"fskey-iframe\" class=\"fskey-autofill-dlg\" style=\"display: none;\" sandbox=\"allow-same-origin\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<div id=\"fskey-tooltip\" class=\"fskey-tooltip\" style=\"display: none;\"><\/div>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=&#8221;4.4.2&#8243; custom_padding=&#8221;0px||0px|||&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;4_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.4.2&#8243;][et_pb_text module_class=&#8221;tehtava-checklist&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.4.2&#8243; background_color=&#8221;rgba(0,0,0,0)&#8221;]<\/p>\n<h5>Try this yourselves in groups of 3-8 people:<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li><input id=\"1-1\" name=\"1-1\" type=\"checkbox\" value=\"1-1\" \/>Decide what you will count: plant species, bird species or different types of rubbish. Decide the limits of your small search area. With a little creativity you can do this in the classroom, for instance by counting different coloured pens in the students\u2019 desks.<\/li>\n<li><input id=\"1-2\" name=\"1-2\" type=\"checkbox\" value=\"1-2\" \/>Choose one person as the timer. They will need a watch, a pen and a piece of graph paper.<\/li>\n<li><input id=\"1-3\" name=\"1-3\" type=\"checkbox\" value=\"1-3\" \/>Choose one person as the classifier, who will need pen and paper.<\/li>\n<li><input id=\"1-4\" name=\"1-4\" type=\"checkbox\" value=\"1-4\" \/>The others begin searching the area. Stay within hearing distance of each other. The searchers shout out what they find to the classifier, who classifies the observations as they see fit and keeps a tally of the different species \/ rubbish types \/ colours.<\/li>\n<li><input id=\"1-5\" name=\"1-5\" type=\"checkbox\" value=\"1-5\" \/>Every five minutes the timer asks the classifier how many species have been found so far, and records the answer.<\/li>\n<li><input id=\"1-6\" name=\"1-6\" type=\"checkbox\" value=\"1-6\" \/>At the end, after for instance half an hour, draw the timer\u2019s list as a graph like the ones in the article. Start by finding the largest, i.e. the final tally, round it up and set the top end of the vertical axis to that number. Draw the observations as dots on the graph, and connect the dots with a line.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Does your line curve? Does it curve enough for you to estimate, what the actual number of species in the area might be?<\/p>\n<p>How did the classification go \u2013 did you disagree? Biologists sometimes disagree a great deal about how to classify individuals into different species.<\/p>\n<p><iframe id=\"fskey-iframe\" class=\"fskey-autofill-dlg\" style=\"display: none;\" sandbox=\"allow-same-origin\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<div id=\"fskey-tooltip\" class=\"fskey-tooltip\" style=\"display: none;\"><\/div>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.4.2&#8243; background_color=&#8221;rgba(0,0,0,0)&#8221; da_disable_devices=&#8221;off|off|off&#8221; da_is_popup=&#8221;off&#8221; da_exit_intent=&#8221;off&#8221; da_has_close=&#8221;on&#8221; da_alt_close=&#8221;off&#8221; da_dark_close=&#8221;off&#8221; da_not_modal=&#8221;on&#8221; da_is_singular=&#8221;off&#8221; da_with_loader=&#8221;off&#8221; da_has_shadow=&#8221;on&#8221;][et_pb_row _builder_version=&#8221;4.4.2&#8243; min_height=&#8221;88px&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;||1px|||&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;4_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.4.2&#8243;][et_pb_divider _builder_version=&#8221;4.4.2&#8243;][\/et_pb_divider][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=&#8221;4.4.2&#8243;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;4_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.4.2&#8243;][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.4.2&#8243;]<\/p>\n<h2>Project ideas in biodiversity<\/h2>\n<h3>1. How can we know what we do not know?<\/h3>\n<p>Search the internet for different estimates of how many species are still to be found on Earth. How were the estimates made? How can we know what we do not know?<\/p>\n<h3>2. Genetic diversity within species<\/h3>\n<p>While species number are talked about the most, genetic diversity within species is also important. Go to the grocery store and photograph different kinds of tomatoes, chilies, apples etc., and to the park to photograph different dog breeds or different coloured pigeons. Make photo collages. Make another trip to a natural environment, and make a separate collage of the genetic diversity you find there. Examples are harder to find in nature, but try something like measuring the flowers on individual plants. When the season is changing, you can find differences in when individual trees come into leaf or turn yellow. If you have snails in your garden, their shells can have a lot of variety. Take a look at the diversity you find in species bred by humans and species found in nature. Why is it harder to find variation in nature? What do you think could be useful about having lots of variation between individuals within a species?<\/p>\n<p><iframe id=\"fskey-iframe\" class=\"fskey-autofill-dlg\" style=\"display: none;\" sandbox=\"allow-same-origin\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<div id=\"fskey-tooltip\" class=\"fskey-tooltip\" style=\"display: none;\"><\/div>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.4.2&#8243; background_color=&#8221;#c6f58a&#8221; da_disable_devices=&#8221;off|off|off&#8221; da_is_popup=&#8221;off&#8221; da_exit_intent=&#8221;off&#8221; da_has_close=&#8221;on&#8221; da_alt_close=&#8221;off&#8221; da_dark_close=&#8221;off&#8221; da_not_modal=&#8221;on&#8221; da_is_singular=&#8221;off&#8221; da_with_loader=&#8221;off&#8221; da_has_shadow=&#8221;on&#8221;][et_pb_row module_class=&#8221;next-chapter&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.4.2&#8243;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;4_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.4.2&#8243;][et_pb_image src=&#8221;https:\/\/luonnonmonimuotoisuus-fi.hel5.wp-cloud.dev\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/2.png&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.4.2&#8243;][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.4.2&#8243;]<\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\"><a href=\"2-miksi-monimuotoisuus-on-tarkeaa\/\"><span class=\"s1\">Chapter 2<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<h2 class=\"p1\"><a href=\"2-miksi-monimuotoisuus-on-tarkeaa\/\"><span class=\"s1\"><b>What is biodiversity good for?<\/b><\/span><\/a><\/h2>\n<p><iframe id=\"fskey-iframe\" class=\"fskey-autofill-dlg\" style=\"display: none;\" sandbox=\"allow-same-origin\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<div id=\"fskey-tooltip\" class=\"fskey-tooltip\" style=\"display: none;\"><\/div>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; admin_label=&#8221;Popup &#8211; #yhteenveto-1&#8243; module_id=&#8221;yhteenveto-1&#8243; module_class=&#8221;popup single&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.4.2&#8243; hover_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243; da_is_popup=&#8221;on&#8221; da_popup_slug=&#8221;yhteenveto-1&#8243; da_is_singular=&#8221;on&#8221; da_disable_devices=&#8221;off|off|off&#8221; da_exit_intent=&#8221;off&#8221; da_has_close=&#8221;on&#8221; da_alt_close=&#8221;off&#8221; da_dark_close=&#8221;off&#8221; da_not_modal=&#8221;on&#8221; da_with_loader=&#8221;off&#8221; da_has_shadow=&#8221;on&#8221;][et_pb_row _builder_version=&#8221;4.4.2&#8243; hover_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;4_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.4.2&#8243;][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.4.2&#8243;]<\/p>\n<h3>Yhteenveto artikkelista &#8220;How Many Species Are There on Earth and in the Ocean?&#8221;<\/h3>\n<p>Maapallon lajim\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4 on yksi tieteen peruskysymyksist\u00e4, johon vastausta ei ole viel\u00e4 saatu. Kaikkia lajeja kaikissa paikoissa ei voi suoraan laskea, ja aiemmat arvointiyritykset ovat pit\u00e4neet sis\u00e4ll\u00e4\u00e4n oletuksia, joista ollaan montaa mielt\u00e4.<\/p>\n<p>Kun katsotaan lajim\u00e4\u00e4ri\u00e4 eri tieteellisen luokittelun hierarkiatasoilla, huomataan ett\u00e4 ne noudattavat tietynlaista ennustettavaa mallia. Koska ylempien tasojen lukum\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4t ovat jo aika hyvin tiedossa, niiden todellisista lukum\u00e4\u00e4rist\u00e4 pystyt\u00e4\u00e4n laskemaan varsin luotettavat arviot. Kun n\u00e4iden ylempien tasojen arviot laittaa sitten suoralle kunnasta sukuun, osoittaa suora kohti lajien lukum\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4\u00e4 (katso artikkelin kuva 1G). N\u00e4in saamme tulokseksi noin 8,7 miljoonaa lajia, joista noin<br \/>\n2,2 miljoonaa on meriss\u00e4. <\/p>\n<p>T\u00e4m\u00e4 tarkoittaisi, ett\u00e4 86% maan ja 91% merien lajeista on edelleen tieteelle tuntemattomia.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/journals.plos.org\/plosbiology\/article?id=10.1371\/journal.pbio.1001127\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Linkki artikkeliin<\/a><\/p>\n<p><small>Viite: Mora, C., Tittensor, D. P., Adl, S., Simpson, A. G. B. &#038; Worm, B. 2011: How many species are there on Earth and in the ocean? PLoS Biology 9(8): e1001127. DOI: 10.1371\/journal.pbio.1001127<\/small><\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; admin_label=&#8221;Popup &#8211; #yhteenveto-3&#8243; module_id=&#8221;yhteenveto-3&#8243; module_class=&#8221;popup single&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.4.2&#8243; da_is_popup=&#8221;on&#8221; da_popup_slug=&#8221;yhteenveto-3&#8243; da_is_singular=&#8221;on&#8221; da_disable_devices=&#8221;off|off|off&#8221; da_exit_intent=&#8221;off&#8221; da_has_close=&#8221;on&#8221; da_alt_close=&#8221;off&#8221; da_dark_close=&#8221;off&#8221; da_not_modal=&#8221;on&#8221; da_with_loader=&#8221;off&#8221; da_has_shadow=&#8221;on&#8221;][et_pb_row _builder_version=&#8221;4.4.2&#8243;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;4_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.4.2&#8243;][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.4.2&#8243;]<\/p>\n<h3>Yhteenveto artikkelista &#8220;Arthropod Diversity in a Tropical Forest&#8221;<\/h3>\n<p>Suurin osa aitotumallisista eli\u00f6ist\u00e4 on niveljalkaisia, mutta niiden lajim\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4t ovat viel\u00e4 h\u00e4m\u00e4r\u00e4n peitossa. Tutkijat yhdistiv\u00e4t eri niveljalkaisryhmien ja n\u00e4ytteenottotapojen asiantuntujoita, jotta saatiin laskettua yhden sademets\u00e4n niveljalkaislajit.<\/p>\n<p>Kohteena oli 0,48 hehtaarin ala sademets\u00e4\u00e4n Panamassa. Sielt\u00e4 l\u00f6ytyi 6144 lajia niveljalkaisia. K\u00e4ytt\u00e4m\u00e4ll\u00e4 useita eri malleja, jotka ottavat huomioon eri n\u00e4ytteenottotavat ja niveljalkaisryhm\u00e4t, p\u00e4\u00e4stiin arvioon, ett\u00e4 koko 6000 hehtaarin sademets\u00e4n alueella on 25 000 lajia niveljalkaisia. Eri mallien arviot vaihtelivat v\u00e4lill\u00e4 18 000 &#8211; 44 000 lajia. <\/p>\n<p>Hyvin suuri osa arvioidusta lajim\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4st\u00e4 l\u00f6ytyi jo pienen alan n\u00e4ytteest\u00e4. Tutkijat arvioivat, ett\u00e4 jopa 64% kaikista t\u00e4m\u00e4n sademets\u00e4n lajeista voisi l\u00f6yty\u00e4 yhden hehtaarin alalta. Lis\u00e4ksi selvisi, ett\u00e4 kasvilajien m\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4 ennustaa hyvin vahvasti niveljalkaislajien m\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4\u00e4.\n<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/233904266_Arthropod_Diversity_in_a_Tropical_Forest\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Linkki artikkeliin ResearchGatessa<\/a><br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/science.sciencemag.org\/content\/338\/6113\/1481\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Linkki artikkeliin julkaisijan sivuilla<\/a><\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; admin_label=&#8221;Popup &#8211; #yhteenveto-2&#8243; module_id=&#8221;yhteenveto-2&#8243; module_class=&#8221;popup single&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.4.2&#8243; da_is_popup=&#8221;on&#8221; da_popup_slug=&#8221;yhteenveto-2&#8243; da_is_singular=&#8221;on&#8221; da_disable_devices=&#8221;off|off|off&#8221; da_exit_intent=&#8221;off&#8221; da_has_close=&#8221;on&#8221; da_alt_close=&#8221;off&#8221; da_dark_close=&#8221;off&#8221; da_not_modal=&#8221;on&#8221; da_with_loader=&#8221;off&#8221; da_has_shadow=&#8221;on&#8221;][et_pb_row _builder_version=&#8221;4.4.2&#8243;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;4_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.4.2&#8243;][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.4.2&#8243;]<\/p>\n<h3>Yhteenveto artikkelista &#8220;The biomass distribution on Earth&#8221;<\/h3>\n<p>Biosf\u00e4\u00e4rin toiminnan ymm\u00e4rt\u00e4miseksi on v\u00e4ltt\u00e4m\u00e4t\u00f6nt\u00e4 m\u00e4\u00e4ritell\u00e4, miten maapallon biomassa jakaantuu eri eli\u00f6ryhmien v\u00e4lill\u00e4, eli mit\u00e4 eli\u00f6ryhm\u00e4\u00e4 on eniten painon mukaan. Mittayksikk\u00f6n\u00e4 k\u00e4ytet\u00e4\u00e4n gigatonnia hiilt\u00e4 (Gt C), joka on hyvin vertailukelpoinen erilaisten lajien v\u00e4lill\u00e4. Siihen eiv\u00e4t vaikuta lajien eri vesipitoisuudet. Maapallon yhteenlaskettu biomassa on noin 550 Gt C.<\/p>\n<p>Tutkimuksessa yhdistet\u00e4\u00e4n aiemmin tehtyj\u00e4 arvioita sek\u00e4 tehd\u00e4\u00e4n itse omia arvioita. Arviointitapa on yleisesti se, ett\u00e4 otetaan ensin n\u00e4ytteit\u00e4 ymp\u00e4ri maailmaa, sitten suhteutetaan n\u00e4ytteet johonkin lajiryhm\u00e4lle sopivaan ymp\u00e4rist\u00f6muuttujaan kuten l\u00e4mp\u00f6tilaan tai veden syvyyteen. N\u00e4in saadaan ymp\u00e4rist\u00f6muuttujan ja biomassan v\u00e4linen suhde. Kun ymp\u00e4rist\u00f6muuttujan vaihtelu maapallolla tunnetaan, voidaan sen avulla integroida arvio koko maapallon biomassasta.<\/p>\n<p>Kasvit pit\u00e4v\u00e4t sis\u00e4ll\u00e4\u00e4n noin 450 Gt C eli valtaosan biomassasta. El\u00e4imi\u00e4 on vain noin 2 Gt C, kun taas bakteereja on 70 Gt C ja arkkeja 7 Gt C. Maalla on noin 80-kertainen m\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4 biomassaa meriin verrattuna. Ihmismassaa on kymmenen kertaa niin paljon kuin muita luonnonvaraisia nis\u00e4kk\u00e4it\u00e4 yhteens\u00e4, ja karjaa kaksi kertaa niin paljon kuin ihmist\u00e4.\n<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pnas.org\/content\/115\/25\/6506\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Linkki artikkeliin<\/a><\/p>\n<p><small>Viite: Bar-On, Y. M., Phillips, R. &#038; Milo, R. 2018. The biomass distribution on Earth. PNAS 115(25): 6506-6511. DOI: 10.1073\/pnas.1711842115<\/small><\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Biodiversity is a major topic right now, not just because of the threats it faces, but also because we now understand better than ever just how little we in fact know about it. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":805,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"on","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-804","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-kappaleet"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>1. 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