{"id":760,"date":"2020-04-07T14:37:49","date_gmt":"2020-04-07T14:37:49","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/localhost:9999\/rec\/8-muuttuva-luonto\/"},"modified":"2020-05-08T07:37:51","modified_gmt":"2020-05-08T07:37:51","slug":"8-naturen-forandras","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/luonnonmonimuotoisuus.fi\/sv\/8-naturen-forandras\/","title":{"rendered":"8. Naturen f\u00f6r\u00e4ndras"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>[et_pb_section fb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.4.2&#8243; custom_margin=&#8221;0px||0px||false|false&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;0px||0px||false|false&#8221; da_disable_devices=&#8221;off|off|off&#8221; da_is_popup=&#8221;off&#8221; da_exit_intent=&#8221;off&#8221; da_has_close=&#8221;on&#8221; da_alt_close=&#8221;off&#8221; da_dark_close=&#8221;off&#8221; da_not_modal=&#8221;on&#8221; da_is_singular=&#8221;off&#8221; da_with_loader=&#8221;off&#8221; da_has_shadow=&#8221;on&#8221;][et_pb_row _builder_version=&#8221;4.4.2&#8243; custom_padding=&#8221;0px||0px|||&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;4_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.4.2&#8243;][et_pb_video src=&#8221;https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=vdmsZ24zlFk&#8221; thumbnail_overlay_color=&#8221;rgba(0,0,0,0.6)&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.4.2&#8243; src__hover_enabled=&#8221;off|desktop&#8221;][\/et_pb_video][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.4.2&#8243;]<\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\">Filmen ber\u00e4ttar om varf\u00f6r den stora f\u00f6r\u00e4ndring som p\u00e5g\u00e5r \u00e4r s\u00e5 sv\u00e5r att m\u00e4rka, och varf\u00f6r forskarna \u00e4nd\u00e5 uppt\u00e4cker den.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\">Filmen \u00e4r textad p\u00e5 svenska.<span>\u00a0<\/span>Tryck p\u00e5 play, v\u00e4lj sedan kugghjulet nere till h\u00f6ger och v\u00e4lj textning p\u00e5 svenska.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.4.2&#8243; custom_margin=&#8221;-2px|||||&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;2px||0px|||&#8221; da_disable_devices=&#8221;off|off|off&#8221; da_is_popup=&#8221;off&#8221; da_exit_intent=&#8221;off&#8221; da_has_close=&#8221;on&#8221; da_alt_close=&#8221;off&#8221; da_dark_close=&#8221;off&#8221; da_not_modal=&#8221;on&#8221; da_is_singular=&#8221;off&#8221; da_with_loader=&#8221;off&#8221; da_has_shadow=&#8221;on&#8221;][et_pb_row _builder_version=&#8221;4.4.2&#8243; custom_padding=&#8221;||0px|||&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;4_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.4.2&#8243;][et_pb_divider _builder_version=&#8221;4.4.2&#8243;][\/et_pb_divider][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=&#8221;4.4.2&#8243;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;4_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.4.2&#8243;][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.4.2&#8243;]<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"p1\"><b>L\u00e4s mera om hur naturen f\u00f6r\u00e4ndras<\/b><\/h2>\n<ol>\n<li class=\"p1\">\n<p class=\"p1\"><b>Sommaren som aldrig kom: Om hur f\u00f6r\u00f6kningen p\u00e5 Gr\u00f6nland misslyckades totalt<\/b><br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/journals.plos.org\/plosbiology\/article?id=10.1371\/journal.pbio.3000392\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Ursprungsartikeln<\/a> \u2022 <a href=\"#oversattning\">L\u00e4s mera (svensk \u00f6vers\u00e4ttning av YLE-artikel)<\/a><br \/><small>Schmidt, N. M., Reneerkens, J., Christensen, J. H., Olesen, M., &#038; Roslin, T. 2019: An ecosystem-wide reproductive failure with more snow in the Arctic. PLoS Biology, 17(10), [e3000392]. DOI: 10.1371\/journal.pbio.3000392<\/small><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"p1\">\n<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\"><b>Sammandrag av den finl\u00e4ndska utredningen av hotet mot naturtyperna (p\u00e5 finska)<\/b><br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=1j8lx6Xptjs\">Videofilm om utredningen av hoten mot naturtyper (b\u00f6rja vid 59.37 och se ca 30 minuter)<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.4.2&#8243; background_color=&#8221;#fdfdfd&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;1px|||||&#8221; da_disable_devices=&#8221;off|off|off&#8221; da_is_popup=&#8221;off&#8221; da_exit_intent=&#8221;off&#8221; da_has_close=&#8221;on&#8221; da_alt_close=&#8221;off&#8221; da_dark_close=&#8221;off&#8221; da_not_modal=&#8221;on&#8221; da_is_singular=&#8221;off&#8221; da_with_loader=&#8221;off&#8221; da_has_shadow=&#8221;on&#8221;][et_pb_row _builder_version=&#8221;4.4.2&#8243; custom_padding=&#8221;||0px|||&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;4_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.4.2&#8243;][et_pb_divider _builder_version=&#8221;4.4.2&#8243;][\/et_pb_divider][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=&#8221;4.4.2&#8243; custom_padding=&#8221;||||false|false&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;4_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.4.2&#8243;][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.4.2&#8243;]<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"p1\"><span><b>Ta reda p\u00e5<br \/> <\/b><\/span><span><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span>Eftersom vi lever mitt inne i en p\u00e5g\u00e5ende f\u00f6r\u00e4ndring \u00e4r det som om vi vore blinda f\u00f6r vad som p\u00e5g\u00e5r. Ofta beh\u00f6vs det l\u00e5nga tidsserier f\u00f6r att g\u00f6ra oss medvetna om f\u00f6r\u00e4ndringen.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span><\/span><\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=&#8221;4.4.2&#8243; custom_padding=&#8221;0px||0px|||&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;4_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.4.2&#8243;][et_pb_text module_class=&#8221;tehtava-checklist&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.4.2&#8243; background_color=&#8221;rgba(0,0,0,0)&#8221;]<\/p>\n<h5 class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\"><b>Hur har landskapet omkring dig f\u00f6r\u00e4ndrats?<\/b><\/span><\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li><input type=\"checkbox\" id=\"1-1\" name=\"1-1\" value=\"1-1\" \/><label for=\"1-1\">G\u00e5 in p\u00e5 en karttj\u00e4nst och leta upp information om hur landskapet kring din skola f\u00f6r\u00e4ndrats. Har skogen r\u00f6jts till \u00e5ker eller blivit under nya bos\u00e4ttningsomr\u00e5den och v\u00e4gar? Har str\u00e4nderna byggts ut eller \u00e5krarna beskogats?<\/label><\/li>\n<li><input type=\"checkbox\" id=\"1-2\" name=\"1-2\" value=\"1-2\" \/><label for=\"1-2\">Via Finlands milj\u00f6central SYKEs tj\u00e4nst <a href=\"http:\/\/paikkatieto.ymparisto.fi\/lapio\/latauspalvelu.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Lapio<\/a> kan du studera material om den f\u00f6r\u00e4ndrade markanv\u00e4ndningen (Corine). Skriv in CLC i s\u00f6kf\u00f6nstret och v\u00e4lj bland kartor fr\u00e5n olika tider. V\u00e4lj en karta vars namn slutar med \u201dmuutokset 1 ha\u201d. Om du \u00e4r p\u00e5 r\u00e4tt zoomniv\u00e5 dyker det nu upp f\u00e4rgfl\u00e4ckar p\u00e5 kartan som visar var det skett f\u00f6r\u00e4ndringar under den period du valde. Se efter vilka f\u00f6r\u00e4ndringar som skett kring din skola under perioderna 2012 &#8211; 2018, 2006 &#8211; 2012 och 2000 &#8211; 2006.<\/label><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Corinematerialet inneh\u00e5ller endast f\u00f6r\u00e4ndringar under de senaste tv\u00e5 decennierna. F\u00f6r\u00e4ndringar under l\u00e4ngre tider kan studeras via gamla flygbilder. <a href=\"https:\/\/dev.hel.fi\/ilmakuvat\/#3\/60.18\/25.02\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">H\u00e4r<\/a>. hittar du flygfoton \u00f6ver Helsingfors fr\u00e5n \u00e5r 1932 fram\u00e5t. Bilder fr\u00e5n andra delar av landet hittar du via <a href=\"https:\/\/www.finna.fi\/Search\/Results?lookfor=&#038;type=AllFields&#038;filter%5B%5D=~format_ext_str_mv%3A%220%2FImage%2F%22&#038;filter%5B%5D=free_online_boolean%3A1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Finna<\/a> med hj\u00e4lp av s\u00f6korden \u201dilmakuva\u201d och ortnamn. Du kan ocks\u00e5 k\u00f6pa flygfoton av <a href=\"https:\/\/www.maanmittauslaitos.fi\/ajankohtaista\/suomen-historiaa-ilmakuvina\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Lantm\u00e4teriverket<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.4.2&#8243; background_color=&#8221;rgba(0,0,0,0)&#8221; da_disable_devices=&#8221;off|off|off&#8221; da_is_popup=&#8221;off&#8221; da_exit_intent=&#8221;off&#8221; da_has_close=&#8221;on&#8221; da_alt_close=&#8221;off&#8221; da_dark_close=&#8221;off&#8221; da_not_modal=&#8221;on&#8221; da_is_singular=&#8221;off&#8221; da_with_loader=&#8221;off&#8221; da_has_shadow=&#8221;on&#8221;][et_pb_row _builder_version=&#8221;4.4.2&#8243; custom_padding=&#8221;||2px|||&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;4_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.4.2&#8243;][et_pb_divider _builder_version=&#8221;4.4.2&#8243;][\/et_pb_divider][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=&#8221;4.4.2&#8243;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;4_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.4.2&#8243;][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.4.2&#8243; custom_margin=&#8221;||60px|||&#8221;]<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\"><b>Ett eget projekt om hur naturen f\u00f6r\u00e4ndras<\/b><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3 class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\"><b>Bekanta dig med n\u00e4rmaste akut hotade naturobjekt<\/b><\/span><\/h3>\n<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\">Vissa naturtyper har f\u00f6r\u00e4ndrats mera \u00e4n andra. Idag bed\u00f6mer vi hoten mot naturtyper p\u00e5 samma s\u00e4tt som hoten mot arter. Hur l\u00e5ngt fr\u00e5n din skola ligger den n\u00e4rmaste hotade naturtypen? Hur g\u00e5r det f\u00f6r den?<\/span><\/p>\n<p>L\u00e4s igenom <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ymparisto.fi\/sv-FI\/Natur\/Naturtyper\/Hotbedomningen_av_Finlands_naturtyper\/Hotbedomningen_av_naturtyper_2018\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">sammandraget<\/a> av den finl\u00e4ndska utredningen av hotet mot naturtyperna, eller se p\u00e5 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=1j8lx6Xptjs\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">videofilmen<\/a> (fr\u00e5n 59:37, ca 30 minuter fram\u00e5t) som ber\u00e4ttar om hur man utreder hoten mot olika naturtyper.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text module_class=&#8221;tehtava-checklist&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.4.2&#8243; background_color=&#8221;rgba(0,0,0,0)&#8221;]<\/p>\n<h5 class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\"><b>Leta upp en hotad naturtyp n\u00e4ra din skola<br \/>\n<\/b><\/span><\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li><input type=\"checkbox\" id=\"1-3\" name=\"1-3\" value=\"1-3\" \/><label for=\"1-3\">Hotklassificeringens <a href=\"http:\/\/julkaisut.valtioneuvosto.fi\/handle\/10024\/161234\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">andra del<\/a> presenterar alla unders\u00f6kta naturtyper. Leta upp en plats n\u00e4ra din skola som representerar en hotad naturtyp. Hur klassificeras den? Vad \u00e4r det som hotar just den h\u00e4r naturtypen?<\/label><\/li>\n<li><input type=\"checkbox\" id=\"1-4\" name=\"1-4\" value=\"1-4\" \/><label for=\"1-4\">Bes\u00f6k platsen och ta bilder. Hur skiljer den sig fr\u00e5n naturen omkring? Hittar du observationer fr\u00e5n den p\u00e5 laji.fi? Har n\u00e5gra hotade arter observerats h\u00e4r?<\/label><\/li>\n<li><input type=\"checkbox\" id=\"1-5\" name=\"1.1\" value=\"1-5\" \/><label for=\"1-5\">\u00c4r platsen skyddad? Ta reda p\u00e5 mera via geodatatj\u00e4nsten <a href=\"https:\/\/kartta.paikkatietoikkuna.fi\/?lang=fi\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Kartf\u00f6nstret<\/a> (Paikkatietoikkuna) genom att v\u00e4lja kartlagret \u201dSkyddade omr\u00e5den\u201d<\/label><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>N\u00e4r det g\u00e4ller traditionsbiotoper (t.ex. historiskt viktiga kulturlandskap) kan du ocks\u00e5 v\u00e4nda dig till NTM-centralerna som genomf\u00f6r en <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ymparisto.fi\/fi-FI\/Luonto\/Luontotyypit\/Luontotyyppien_uhanalaisuus\/Perinnebiotoopit\/Valtakunnallinen_perinnebiotooppien_inventointi_20192021\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">nationell inventering<\/a>. Traditionsbiotoperna i s\u00f6dra Savolax finns redan p\u00e5 <a href=\"http:\/\/proagria-mkn.maps.arcgis.com\/apps\/MapSeries\/index.html?appid=373730cfe25244ef9c3c154d6cb9c606\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">n\u00e4tet<\/a>.<\/li>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.4.2&#8243; background_color=&#8221;#c6f58a&#8221; da_disable_devices=&#8221;off|off|off&#8221; locked=&#8221;off&#8221; da_is_popup=&#8221;off&#8221; da_exit_intent=&#8221;off&#8221; da_has_close=&#8221;on&#8221; da_alt_close=&#8221;off&#8221; da_dark_close=&#8221;off&#8221; da_not_modal=&#8221;on&#8221; da_is_singular=&#8221;off&#8221; da_with_loader=&#8221;off&#8221; da_has_shadow=&#8221;on&#8221;][et_pb_row module_class=&#8221;next-chapter&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.4.2&#8243;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;4_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.4.2&#8243;][et_pb_image src=&#8221;https:\/\/luonnonmonimuotoisuus-fi.hel5.wp-cloud.dev\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/9.png&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.4.2&#8243;][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.4.2&#8243;]<\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\"><a href=\"9-pirstoutunut-maailma\/\"><span class=\"s1\">Kapitel 9<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<h2 class=\"p1\"><a href=\"9-pirstoutunut-maailma\/\"><span class=\"s1\"><b>En fragmenterad v\u00e4rld<\/b><\/span><\/a><\/h2>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; module_id=&#8221;oversattning&#8221; module_class=&#8221;popup single&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.4.2&#8243; da_is_popup=&#8221;on&#8221; da_popup_slug=&#8221;oversattning&#8221; da_is_singular=&#8221;on&#8221; da_disable_devices=&#8221;off|off|off&#8221; locked=&#8221;off&#8221; da_exit_intent=&#8221;off&#8221; da_has_close=&#8221;on&#8221; da_alt_close=&#8221;off&#8221; da_dark_close=&#8221;off&#8221; da_not_modal=&#8221;on&#8221; da_with_loader=&#8221;off&#8221; da_has_shadow=&#8221;on&#8221;][et_pb_row _builder_version=&#8221;4.4.2&#8243;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;4_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.4.2&#8243;][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.4.2&#8243;]<\/p>\n<h3>Klimatf\u00f6r\u00e4ndringens dramatiska effekter p\u00e5 Arktis natur: Misslyckad f\u00f6r\u00f6kning fr\u00e5n flugor till myskoxar<\/h3>\n<p><b>Klimatf\u00f6r\u00e4ndringen syns tydligt i Arktis. V\u00e5ren och sommaren v\u00e4rms upp allt kraftigare ju l\u00e4ngre norrut vi r\u00f6r oss, men samtidigt blir extremv\u00e4der, till exempel sn\u00f6rika v\u00e5rar vanligare. Ett varnande exempel intr\u00e4ffade p\u00e5 nord\u00f6stra Gr\u00f6nland f\u00f6rra sommaren: v\u00e4rmen kom s\u00e5 sent att n\u00e4stan ingen organismgrupp lyckades i sin f\u00f6r\u00f6kning.<\/b><\/p>\n<p>V\u00e5rar som kommer allt tidigare och somrar som blir allt varmare. Sn\u00f6 som sm\u00e4lter, gr\u00e4s som gror och blommor som sl\u00e5r ut allt tidigare. De h\u00e4r fenomenen har professor Tomas Roslin vid lantbruksuniversitetet i Uppsala iakttagit under m\u00e5nga \u00e5r.<\/p>\n<p>Under tolv \u00e5rs tid har han bes\u00f6kt Gr\u00f6nland varje sommar och sj\u00e4lv bevittnat klimatf\u00f6r\u00e4ndringens dramatiska effekter p\u00e5 den arktiska naturen. Hans forskningsomr\u00e5de p\u00e5 nord\u00f6stra Gr\u00f6nland h\u00f6r till de platser p\u00e5 jorden d\u00e4r klimatet f\u00f6r\u00e4ndrats allra snabbast. Sedan \u00e5r 1996 har somrarnas medeltemperatur stigit med n\u00e4stan tv\u00e5 grader och sn\u00f6sm\u00e4ltningen inletts ca 8 dagar tidigare f\u00f6r varje decennium.<\/p>\n<p>F\u00f6rra sommaren p\u00e5mindes Roslin \u00e4nd\u00e5 om att klimatf\u00f6r\u00e4ndringen inte enbart handlar om uppv\u00e4rmning, den f\u00f6r ocks\u00e5 med sig extremv\u00e4der som till exempel extremt sena v\u00e5rar.<\/p>\n<p>Under det h\u00e4r \u00e5ret var vintern ovanligt sn\u00f6ig, och sn\u00f6n sm\u00e4lte hela tv\u00e5 m\u00e5nader senare \u00e4n vanligt.<\/p>\n<p>\u2013 Jag s\u00e5g med egna \u00f6gon vilka effekter detta fick p\u00e5 Arktis.<\/p>\n<h5>Fr\u00f6na hann inte gro och insekterna hann inte kl\u00e4ckas<\/h5>\n<p>N\u00e4r forskarna anl\u00e4nde i maj l\u00e5g drivorna fortfarande meterdjupa och i juli var h\u00e4lften av marken fortfarande sn\u00f6t\u00e4ckt. Allt var annorlunda \u00e4n under tidigare somrar. Marken var inte gr\u00f6n och inte s\u00e5g man n\u00e5gra blommande fj\u00e4llsippor heller, trots att de normalt sl\u00e5r ut i b\u00f6rjan av juli. Ocks\u00e5 f\u00e5glarna som skrikande brukar f\u00f6rsvara sina revir lyste med sin fr\u00e5nvaro. Det var en tyst v\u00e5r, en sommar som aldrig kom.<\/p>\n<p>Under normala \u00e5r \u00e4r ocks\u00e5 djurens f\u00f6r\u00f6kning i full g\u00e5ng i b\u00f6rjan av juli. Insekterna har n\u00e5tt larvstadiet, f\u00e5gelungarna kl\u00e4ckts och d\u00e4ggdjurens ungar f\u00f6tts.<\/p>\n<p>\u2013 Den sena sn\u00f6sm\u00e4ltningen avspeglades p\u00e5 hela ekosystemet: v\u00e4xterna v\u00e4xte inte och djuren hittade inget att \u00e4ta under sn\u00f6n.<\/p>\n<p>Tomas Roslin och hans danska kolleger studerar varje sommar tio viktiga v\u00e4xtarter och sextio djur av olika storlek, fr\u00e5n myskoxar till pollinerande insekter. Den h\u00e4r sommaren lyckades inte en enda av dessa arter med sin f\u00f6r\u00f6kning, varken v\u00e4xterna eller djuren.<\/p>\n<p>V\u00e4xterna hann inte b\u00f6rja blomma, eller s\u00e5 blommade de s\u00e5 sent att de sannolikt inte hann pollineras och utveckla fr\u00f6n innan tj\u00e4len \u00e5terkom. P\u00e5 grund av k\u00f6lden kl\u00e4cktes ocks\u00e5 insekterna mycket sent. Detta syntes i hela n\u00e4ringskedjan, eftersom insekterna \u00e4r en s\u00e5 viktig f\u00f6da i norr.<\/p>\n<h5>Ocks\u00e5 de vanliga f\u00e5glarna kraschade<\/h5>\n<p>Sandl\u00f6paren \u00e4r en vanlig h\u00e4ckf\u00e5gel p\u00e5 nord\u00f6stra Gr\u00f6nland. Sandl\u00f6paren \u00e4r en liten vadare som letar mat p\u00e5 fj\u00e4llhedarna under sommaren. Att v\u00e4ga sandl\u00f6pare \u00e4r en av de rutinunders\u00f6kningar som Roslins kolleger g\u00f6r varje sommar. Det h\u00e4r \u00e5ret gick f\u00e5glarna kraftigt ned i vikt och fick inga ungar eftersom det inte fanns n\u00e5gra insekter. M\u00e5nga vadare flyger till Gr\u00f6nland \u00e4nda fr\u00e5n Afrika f\u00f6r att h\u00e4cka. Nu var det ingen id\u00e9 med hela resan, eftersom de inte lyckades f\u00f6da upp n\u00e5gra ungar.<\/p>\n<p>P\u00e5 \u00f6stra Gr\u00f6nland finns det ocks\u00e5 myskoxar. Myskoxen \u00e4r ett stort getdjur som en g\u00e5ng ingick i samma istidsfauna som mammuten och uroxen: stora v\u00e4xt\u00e4tare som vandrade \u00f6ver norra halvklotets enorma gr\u00e4sst\u00e4pper.<\/p>\n<p>Myskoxen har \u00f6verlevt tack vare att det fortfarande finns stora tr\u00e4dl\u00f6sa tundror och p\u00e5 grund av att arten \u00e4r fridlyst i nord\u00f6stra Gr\u00f6nlands stora nationalpark.<\/p>\n<h5>Inte ens myskoxarna hittade bete<\/h5>\n<p>Under goda somrar har varannan myskoxhona en liten kalv bredvid sig. Nu fanns det inga kalvar alls. Forskarna fick en p\u00e5minnelse om att klimatf\u00f6r\u00e4ndringen manifesterar sig ocks\u00e5 som extremv\u00e4der och \u00f6kande nederb\u00f6rd. Ett tjockt sn\u00f6t\u00e4cke som leder till en f\u00f6rsenad v\u00e5r kan \u00e4ndra hela ekosystemet.<\/p>\n<p>\u2013 N\u00e4sta sommar och de kommande \u00e5ren blir intressanta, eftersom vi d\u00e5 f\u00e5r se hur det h\u00e4r d\u00e5liga \u00e5ret p\u00e5verkade v\u00e4xterna och djuren p\u00e5 l\u00e4ngre sikt.<\/p>\n<p>Ocks\u00e5 resten av Gr\u00f6nland och Kanada fick ovanligt mycket sn\u00f6, vilket kan betyda att liknande st\u00f6rningar drabbade betydligt st\u00f6rre omr\u00e5den.<\/p>\n<h5>Varmare v\u00e5rar f\u00f6rs\u00e4tter blommorna och pollinerarna i otakt<\/h5>\n<p>Under tidigare \u00e5r har Roslin studerat hur uppv\u00e4rmningen p\u00e5verkat blommorna och de pollinerande insekterna. I Arktis \u00e4r sm\u00e5 flugor de viktigaste pollinerarna. I takt med att v\u00e5rarna blivit varmare har fj\u00e4llsippan och andra v\u00e4xter b\u00f6rjat blomma tidigare. Hos pollinerarna ser man tyv\u00e4rr ingen liknande trend, deras utveckling styrs uppenbarligen av n\u00e5gon annan milj\u00f6faktor. D\u00e4rf\u00f6r surrade hungriga pollinerare i stora m\u00e4ngder fortfarande omkring n\u00e4r fj\u00e4llsippan redan avslutade sin blomning.<\/p>\n<p>M\u00e4ngden blommor under ett \u00e5r avspeglar sig normalt i m\u00e4ngden insekter n\u00e4sta \u00e5r. Om blommorna och insekterna utvecklas i samma takt drar b\u00e5da nytta av varandra, men om blommorna kommer f\u00f6r tidigt kan det bli brist p\u00e5 pollinerare ocks\u00e5 f\u00f6ljande \u00e5r.<\/p>\n<p>\u2013 \u00c5 andra sidan \u00e4r stora variationer fr\u00e5n \u00e5r till \u00e5r vanliga i Arktis. Till en viss gr\u00e4ns kan ett bra \u00e5r f\u00f6rb\u00e4ttra situationen signifikant.<\/p>\n<p>Men om v\u00e5rarna stadigt blir varmare och otakten mellan blommor och insekter \u00f6kar kommer den negativa effekten att synas ocks\u00e5 p\u00e5 l\u00e4ngre sikt. Insekter och v\u00e4xter \u00e4r beroende av varandra: v\u00e4xterna har utvecklat sina lockande blommor f\u00f6r att locka till sig insekter som pollinerar dem, dvs. \u00f6verf\u00f6r pollen fr\u00e5n en blomma till en annan. Pollineringen \u00e4r ett livsvillkor f\u00f6r v\u00e4xterna.<\/p>\n<p>Om en insektsarts viktigaste n\u00e4ringsv\u00e4xt isoleras helt fr\u00e5n sina pollinerare kan v\u00e4xten inte l\u00e4ngre f\u00f6r\u00f6ka sig. Insekterna \u00e4r i sin tur den st\u00f6rsta djurgruppen och viktiga f\u00f6r hela n\u00e4ringsv\u00e4ven. I v\u00e4rsta fall kan allts\u00e5 otakten mellan fj\u00e4llsippans och pollinerarflugornas \u00e5rsrytmer drabba hela omr\u00e5dets organismsamh\u00e4llen.<\/p>\n<p>\u2013 Som forskare i Arktis natur \u00e4r det h\u00e4r en fr\u00e5ga som oroar mig mycket. Vi m\u00e5ste inse att djur och v\u00e4xter i Arktis \u00e4r precis lika beroende av varandra som annanstans i v\u00e4rlden. Den snabba uppv\u00e4rmningen kan st\u00e4lla till det i hela naturen.<\/p>\n<p>F\u00f6r ett fotoreportage fr\u00e5n nord\u00f6stra Gr\u00f6nland, se <a href=\"https:\/\/www.helsinki.fi\/sites\/default\/files\/atoms\/files\/photo_story_from_zackenberg.pdf\">h\u00e4r<\/a><\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Naturen har alltid f\u00f6r\u00e4ndrats, men just nu g\u00e5r f\u00f6r\u00e4ndringarna snabbare \u00e4n n\u00e5gonsin tidigare p\u00e5 grund av allt som m\u00e4nniskan st\u00e4ller till med.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":761,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"on","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[16],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-760","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-kappaleet-sv"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>8. 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